Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

in speech and writing

  • 1 speech and writing

    Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit

    English-German dictionary of linguistics and dialectology > speech and writing

  • 2 speech

    spi:tʃ сущ.
    1) а) речь, дар речи;
    речевая деятельность speech underdevelopmentнедоразвитие речи speech abnormalityдефект речи б) устная речь;
    разговор
    2) речь, манера говорить;
    говор, произношение;
    scamping speech ≈ речь с пропусками согласных или слогов fluent speech ≈ беглая речь nasal speechгнусавый голос slowed speech ≈ замедленная речь
    3) речь;
    выступление;
    обращение to ad-lib, improvise a speech ≈ произносить импровизированную, неподготовленную речь to deliver/make/give a speech ≈ произносить речь acceptance speech boring speech brief speech concession speech farewell speech impromptu speech inaugural speech keynote speech long speech long-winded speech passionate speech rambling speech rousing speech stirring speech set speech short speech unrehearsed speech welcoming speech Syn: address, discourse, harangue, lecture, oration
    4) язык;
    диалект
    5) театр. реплика;
    монолог речь;
    речевая деятельность - a figure of * фигура речи - parts of * части речи - without * не говоря ни слова - to be slow of * говорить медленно;
    быть неразговорчивым дар речи (тж. faculty of *) - he was recovering * with dificulty к нему медленно возвращалась речь - he was startled beyond * он онемел от изумления устная речь - * habits речевые навыки - * input (компьютерное) речевой ввод - he expresses himself better in * than in writing он может лучше выразить свою мысль устно, чем письменно выговор, манера говорить;
    характер речи - clear * отчетливый выговор - refined * утонченная манера говорить - colloquial * разговорная речь - infant * лепет ребенка - this word is not used in polite * это слово не употребляется в речи культурных людей - he is Irish by his * судя по его произношению, он ирландец речь, выступление (оратора) ;
    спич - opening * вступительная речь, вступительное слово - main * доклад - freedom of * свобода слова - * of welcome приветственная речь - the * from the throne тронная речь - the * for the defence защитительная речь - to deliver a * произносить речь, выступать разговор - wanted to have * with him and could not хотел поговорить с ним и не смог язык - one's native * родная речь - national * национальный язык;
    государственный язык - to give * to one's feelings найти слова для выражения своих чувств - music is a common * for humanity музыка - это общий язык для всего человечества диалект, говор - indigenous * местный говор - London * лондонский диалект звучание( музыкальных инструментов) монолог (в пьесе, фильме) ;
    реплика (действующего лица) > * is silver, silence is golden (пословица) слово - серебро, молчание - золото ~ говор, произношение;
    манера говорить;
    to be slow of speech говорить медленно;
    his speech is indistinct он говорит невнятно, у него плохая дикция concluding ~ заключительная речь ~ речь, ораторское выступление;
    to deliver (или to make, to give) a speech произносить речь final ~ заключительное слово ~ говор, произношение;
    манера говорить;
    to be slow of speech говорить медленно;
    his speech is indistinct он говорит невнятно, у него плохая дикция opening ~ вступительная речь set ~ заранее составленная речь;
    speech from the throne тронная речь ~ речь, дар речи;
    речевая деятельность;
    слова;
    sometimes gestures are more expressive than speech иногда жесты выразительнее слов speech выступление ~ говор, произношение;
    манера говорить;
    to be slow of speech говорить медленно;
    his speech is indistinct он говорит невнятно, у него плохая дикция ~ доклад ~ звучание (муз. инструмента) ~ разговор ~ театр. реплика ~ речь, ораторское выступление;
    to deliver (или to make, to give) a speech произносить речь ~ речь, дар речи;
    речевая деятельность;
    слова;
    sometimes gestures are more expressive than speech иногда жесты выразительнее слов ~ речь ~ язык;
    диалект ~ attr. речевой;
    speech habits речевые навыки ~ for defence речь в защиту set ~ заранее составленная речь;
    speech from the throne тронная речь ~ attr. речевой;
    speech habits речевые навыки

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > speech

  • 3 speech

    [spi:tʃ] n
    1. 1) речь; речевая деятельность

    parts of speech - лингв. части речи

    to be slow of speech - а) говорить медленно; б) быть неразговорчивым

    2) дар речи (тж. faculty of speech)

    he was recovering speech with difficulty - к нему медленно возвращалась речь /способность говорить/

    he was startled beyond speech - он онемел /потерял дар речи/ от изумления

    3) устная речь

    speech in put - вчт. речевой ввод

    he expresses himself better in speech than in writing - он может лучше выразить свою мысль устно, чем письменно

    2. выговор, манера говорить; характер речи

    clear [indistinct] speech - отчётливый [неотчётливый] выговор

    refined [affected] speech - утончённая [претенциозная] манера говорить

    colloquial [free] speech - разговорная [непринуждённая] речь

    this word is not used in polite speech - это слово не употребляется в речи культурных людей

    he is Irish by his speech - судя по его произношению, он ирландец

    3. речь, выступление ( оратора); спич

    opening [closing] speech - вступительная [заключительная] речь, вступительное [заключительное] слово

    the speech for the defence [for the prosecution] - защитительная [обвинительная] речь

    to deliver /to give, to make/ a speech - произносить речь, выступать

    4. разговор

    wanted to have speech with him and could not - хотел поговорить с ним и не смог

    5. 1) язык

    national speech - а) национальный язык; б) государственный язык

    music is a common speech for humanity - музыка - это общий язык для всего человечества

    2) диалект, говор
    7. монолог (в пьесе, фильме); реплика ( действующего лица)

    speech is silver, silence is golden - посл. слово - серебро, молчание - золото

    НБАРС > speech

  • 4 group on engineering writing and speech

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > group on engineering writing and speech

  • 5 in writing and speech

    Общая лексика: письменно и устно (АД)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > in writing and speech

  • 6 group on engineering writing and speech

    Engineering: G-EWS

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > group on engineering writing and speech

  • 7 stilus

    stĭlus (not stylus), i, m. [for stiglus; Gr. stizô, to stick, puncture; stigma, mark, point; Sanscr. tig, to be sharp; tigmas, sharp; cf. Engl. stick, sting; Lat. stimulus; not connected with stulos].
    I.
    In gen., a stake, pale: extra vallum stili caeci, concealed stakes, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 5; cf. Sil. 10, 415 (for which stimuli, Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.):

    ligneus,

    Amm. 23, 4, 5; 15, 10, 5.—In agriculture, a pointed instrument for freeing plants from worms or from shoots which grow too rankly, etc., Col. 11, 3, 53; Pall. Mart. 10, 20.—Of the stem or stalk of many plants (e. g. of the asparagus), Col. 11, 3, 46; 11, 3, 58; 5, 10, 13; 5, 10, 21.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    A style used by the Romans for writing on waxen tablets (pointed, and usually made of iron):

    effer cito stilum, ceram et tabellas et linum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 64; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 76; 4, 9, 73; Quint. 1, 1, 27:

    cum otiosus stilum prehenderat, flaccebat oratio,

    Cic. Brut. 24, 93:

    orationes paene Attico stilo scriptae,

    with an Attic pen, id. ib. 45, 167; so,

    (comoediae quaedam) resipiant stilum Plautinum,

    Gell. 3, 3, 13.—And with reference to the ecenomical use, in a double sense, Cic. de Or. 2, 23, 96.—Writing on wax was erased with the broad upper end of the style; hence the phrase stilum vertere, for to erase what one has written, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 101:

    saepe stilum vertas, iterum quae digna legi sint, Scripturus,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 73.—But cf.:

    et mihi vertenti stilum in Gallias,

    i. e. turning to write of, Amm. 29, 3, 1.—Comically:

    stilis me totum usque ulmeis conscribito,

    i. e. with elm switches, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131 (cf. conscribo).—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    = scriptio and scriptura, a setting down in writing, composing, composition; the practice of composing; manner of writing, mode of composition:

    stilus optimus et praestantissimus dicendi effector ac magister,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; 1, 60, 257; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 190; Quint. 1, 9, 2; cf.:

    multus stilus et assidua lectio,

    id. 10, 7, 4:

    stilus exercitatus,

    i. e. a practised pen, Cic. Or. 44, 150:

    tardior stilus cogitationem moratur,

    Quint. 1, 1, 28:

    neglegens,

    id. 2, 4, 13:

    multus,

    id. 10, 1, 1:

    tardus,

    id. 10, 3, 5:

    rudis et confusus,

    id. 1, 1, 28:

    fidelis,

    id. 10, 7, 7:

    stilo incumbere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 29, 9:

    aliquid stilo prosequi,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 8;

    2, 3, 3: signare stilo,

    Vell. 1, 16, 1:

    non ita dissimili sunt argumento, sed tamen Dissimili oratione sunt factae ac stilo,

    in speech and writing, Ter. And. prol. 12 (for which:

    oratione et scripturā,

    id. Phorm. prol. 5); cf.:

    unus sonus est totius orationis et idem stilus,

    the same tone and the same style of composition run through the whole speech, Cic. Brut. 26, 100:

    artifex stilus,

    an artistic style, id. ib. 25, 96:

    familiares opes velut supremo distribuens stilo,

    i. e. by his last will, Amm. 25, 3, 21.—
    2.
    A manner of speaking, mode of expression, style in speaking (post-Aug. and very rare; not as early as Quint.;

    in class. Lat. sermo, oratio, dictio, dicendi modus, ars, genus or forma): stilus pressus demissusque,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5:

    pugnax et quasi bellatorins,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 7:

    laetior,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 10; cf.:

    diligentis stili anxietas,

    Tac. Or. 39:

    (Octavius) tragoediam magno impetu exorsus, non succedente stilo, abolevit,

    Suet. Aug. 85:

    affectatione obscurabat stilum,

    id. Tib. 70:

    stili dicendi duo sunt: unus est maturus et gravis, alter ardens erectus et infensus, etc.,

    Macr. S. 5, 1; 6, 3.—
    * 3.
    A decision, verdict, opinion, App. M. 10, p. 242, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stilus

  • 8 EK

    I) pers. pron. I;
    in poetry and old prose a pronominal k is suffixed to the verb, emk = em ek, vask = vas ek; sák = sá ek; mundak = munda ek; even if preceded by ek: ek sék, ek sitk; a preceding g becomes by assimilation k, hykk = hygg ek; the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative, -a or -at, and the verb, sáka = sá ek-a, I saw not; veitka = veit ek-a, I know not.
    II) from aka.
    * * *
    pers. pron., mod. eg, proncd. ég or jeg; eg occurs as early as in MSS. of the 15th century, Arna-Magn. 556 A; jak, Fms. x. 287, cp. the mod. Swed. form and the mod. Icel. jeg; old poets make it rhyme with ek, as, Halldórr ok ek | höfum engi þrek, Korm. 154 (in a verse), cp. Ld. 108: [Ulf. ïk, but ek on the Golden horn and on the stone in Tune; A. S. ic; Engl. I; Germ. ich; old Swed. jak, mod. jag; Dan. jeg; cp. Lat. ego, Gr. ἐγώ]:—I, Nj. 10, 30, 132, etc.
    2. in poetry and old prose a pronominal ‘k or ‘g is suffixed to the verb; em’k búinn annan í at nefna, Grág. i. 103; ek em’k, 623. 56, Blas. 41, Mork. 89, 94, 99, 104, Vþm. 8, Ls. 14, Ad. 1, Post. 645. 33; jók’k, ‘I eked’ ( added), Íb. (pref.); vas’k þar fjórtán vetr, ch. 9; þá er ek var’k á bænum, Blas. 40, Hm. 12; ek bað’k, Post. 645. 54; ek kom’k, Skm. 18; ek sit’k, Mork. 168; ek finn’k, 141; ek nam’k, 73; sá’k, 75; ek sé’k ( video), 103, 168, Fms. xi. 110; mun’k-at ek, Mork. 50; svá ek vind’k, Hm. 156; ok rít’k á þessa lund, Skálda (Thorodd) 166; sjá’k ( sim), Mork. 183: g before k becomes by assimilation k, e. g. hyk’k = hygg’k, Skm. 5: the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative and the verb, ek skal’k-a, hef’k-a, mon’k-a, sa’k-a, ma’k-a, veit’k-a, or skal’k-a ek, hef’k-a ek, etc.: even a double k after a diphthong, siá’kk ( sim), Mork. 89, 134, but chiefly in poetry with the suffixed negative, e. g. ek sé’kk-a: this form is obsolete, whereas the suffixed g (or k) in bisyllables or after a vowel is more freq.; svá at ek fæ’k eigi leyzt mik, Edda 20; er ek vilda’g helzt, Fms. xi. 146; eigi munda’k trúa, Edda 32; ef ek lifi ok mega’k ráða, 34; þá hafða’k bundit með gresjarni, id.; sem önga frægð muna’k af hljóta, 20; sýnda’k bæði þeim ok Sæmundi, Íb. (pref.); þá er ek var heima heyrða’k sagt, Edda 81; er ek aeva kenni’g, Hm. 164; draums ætli’g þér, Hdl. 7; þorða’g, Ad. 1; ræka’g, mætta’g, Stor. 8; sky’t ek ok ræ’k (ræ’g, v. l.), Fms. vi. 170 (in a verse); líkara at ek vitja’g hingat þessa heita, Eg. 319; næða’k (or næða’g), if I could reach, Eb. 70 (in a verse); at ek nemni þá menn alla ok beiði’g, Grág. ii. 317; vilja’k, I will, Ht. 1; þvíat ek ætla’g, Ó. H. 59; ok náða’k svá öllu ríki þeirra, 74; þvíat ek trúi’k yðr bezt, 88; ek setta’k, Mork. 62; flytta’k, 94; geri’k, heyrða’k, 36; mæli’g, 39; ek vetti’g, 175; tefli’g, 186; setta’g, lagða’g, id.; vilda’g, 193; vide Lex. Poët. and the word ‘-at’ [p. 2]: sometimes a double pronoun occurs, g and k, mátti’g-a’k, Og. 32; bjargi’g-a’k, Hm. 153; stöðvi’g-a’k, 151; hversu ek má’k, Fms. vi. 102; vide Lex. Poët. and Frump. 228 sqq.
    B. DAT. AND ACC. are from a different root:—dat. mér, [Ulf. mis; Germ. mir; lost in Dan.], Nj. 10, etc. etc.; acc. mik, mod. mig, which form occurs even in MSS. at the beginning of the 14th century, e. g. Hauks-bók: mek occurs now and then in MSS., e. g. O. H. L., N. G. L., Sks. B, else it is rare and obsolete, Al. 42, Ó. H. 107, [Ulf. mik; A. S. mec; Engl. me; Germ. mich; Dan. mig.] As the word is so common, we shall only mention the use of mik which is special to the Scandinavian tongue, viz. its use as a verbal suffix. The ancients had a double form for the reflexive; for 1st pers. -mk, i. e. mik suffixed to the plur. of the verb; for the 3rd pers. -sk, i. e. sik suffixed to sing. and plur. alike; thus, ek (vér) þykkjumk, I (we) seem to myself ( ourselves); but hann þykkisk, he seems to himself; þeir þykkjask, they seem to themselves: the -mk was later changed into -mz, or - mst of editions and mod. use; but this is a grammatical decay, as if both - mst and -st (þykjumst and þykist) arose from the same reflex. sik.
    1. the subject may be another person or thing (plur. or sing.) and the personal pronoun mik suffixed as object to the verb, a kind of middle voice found in very old poems, and where it occurs freq. it is a test of antiquity; in prose it is quite obsolete: jötna vegir stóðum’k yfir ok undir, the ways of giants (i. e. precipices) stood above and beneath me, Hm. 106; er lögðum’k arm yfir, the lass who laid her arms round me, 108; mögr hétum’k fögru, my son promised me fair, Egil; hilmir buðum’k löð (acc.), the king gave me leave, i. e. bade me, sing, Höfuðl. 2; úlfs bagi gáfum’k íþrótt, the wolf’s foe ( Odin) gave me the art ( poetry), Stor. 23; Ragnarr gáfum’k reiðar mána, R. gave me the shield, Bragi; þat erum’k sýnt, it is shewn to me, id.; stöndum’k ilmr fyrir yndi, the lass blights my joy, Kormak; hugr tjáðum’k, courage helped me, Egil; snertum’k harmr við hjarta, grief touches me to the heart, Landn.; stöndum’k til hjarta hjörr, the sword pierces me to the heart, Fm. i; feldr brennum’k, my cloak catches fire, Gm. 1; draum dreymðum’k, I dreamed a dream; grimt várum’k hlið, the gap ( breach) was terrible to me, Stor. 6; hálf ván féllum’k, half my hope failed me, Gráfeldar-drápa; heiðnir rekkar hnekðum’k, the heathen men turned me out, Sighvat; dísir hvöttum’k at, the ‘dísir’ hooted us, Hðm. 29; gumi görðum’k at vigi, the man made us fight, id.; lyst várum’k, it list me, Am. 74: very common is erum’k, ‘tis to me (us); erum’k van, I (we) have to expect; mjök erum’k tregt tungu at hræra, ‘tis hard for me to move the tongue, i. e. the tongue cleaves to my mouth, Stor. 1, 17, Ad. 16.
    2. sometimes oneself is the subject, freq. in prose and poetry, either in deponent verbs or as reflex. or recipr.; at vit skilim’k sáttir, Ó. H. 119; at vér komim’k, that we shall come, 85; finnum’k hér þá, 108; ef vér finnum’k, 111; ek skildum’k við Ólaf konung, 126; ef ek komum’k í braut, 140; sigrom’k, if I gain the victory, 206; æðrom’k, 214; ef ek öndum’k, if I die, Eg. 127; ek berum’k, I bear myself, Grág. ii. 57, Mork. passim; ek þykkjum’k, þóttum’k, ráðum’k, látum’k, setjum’k, bjóðum’k, skildum’k, kveljum’k, etc., = ek þykisk, þóttisk, ræðsk, lætsk, setsk, býðsk, skildisk, kvelsk, etc.: even at the present day the forms eg þykjumst, þóttumst are often used in writing; in other words the suffix - mst (-mk) is almost obsolete.
    β. the obsolete interjection er mik = I am; vel er mik, well is me (= ‘bless me!’), O. H. L. 71; æ er mik, ah me! 64; kendr er mik, I am known, 66: with a reflex. notion, hvat er mik at því, what is that to me? Skv. 1. 28; er mik þat undir frétt þeirri, that is my reason for asking, Grág. i. 19:—this ‘er mik’ is clearly the remains of the old erum’k.
    C. DUAL AND PLUR. also from a different root:
    1. dual vit, mod. við, a Norse form mit also occurs, Al. 170, 171, [cp. mi, Ivar Aasen]:—we two; gen. and dat. from a different root, okkar and okkr, [cp. Goth. ïggqis; A. S. inc and incer; O. H. G. inch and inchar; Ivar Aasen dikke and dykk]:—our.
    2. plur.:
    α. nom. vér and vær, the last form now obsolete, [Goth. veis; A. S. and Engl. we; Germ. wir; Dan. vi]:—we.
    β. gen. vár, mod. vor, Eg. 524, Fms. viii. 213, 398, etc.
    γ. dat. and acc. oss, [Goth. uns (acc.), unsis (dat.); A. S. us; Germ. uns; Swed. oss; Dan. os]:—us: it need only be noticed that in mod. familiar usage the dual—við, okkr, okkar—has taken the place of the plural, vér, oss; but that in written books the forms vér, oss are still in freq. use, except in light or familiar style; old writers, on the other hand, made a clear distinction both in speech and writing.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > EK

  • 9 HUNDRAÐ

    (pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).
    * * *
    n. pl. hundruð; the form hund- (q. v.) only occurs in a few old compd words: [Goth. hunda, pl.; A. S. hund; O. H. G. hunt; the extended form in Hel. and old Frank, hundered; Germ. hundert; Dan. hundrede; Swed. hundra; the inflexive syllable is prob. akin to - ræðr in átt-ræðr]:—a hundred; the Scandinavians of the heathen time (and perhaps also all Teutonic people) seem to have known only a duo-decimal hundred (= 12 × 10 or 120); at that time 100 was expressed by tíu-tíu, cp. Ulf. taihun-taihund = ten-teen; Pal Vídalín says,—hundrað tólfrætt er sannlega frá heiðni til vor komið, en hið tíræða er líkast að Norðrlönd hafi ekki vitað af fyrr en Kristni kom hér og með henni lærdómr þeirrar aldar, Skýr. s. v. Hundrað (fine): but with the introduction of Christianity came in the decimal hundred, the two being distinguished by adjectives,—tólfrætt hundrað = 120, and tírætt hundrað = 100. But still the old popular duodecimal system continued in almost all matters concerned with economical or civil life, in all law phrases, in trade, exchange, property, value, or the like, and the decimal only in ecclesiastical or scholastic matters (chronology, e. g. Íb. ch. 1, 10). At the same time the word in speech and writing was commonly used without any specification of tírætt or tólfrætt, for, as Pal Vídalín remarks, every one acquainted with the language knew which was meant in each case; even at the present time an Icel. farmer counts his flocks and a fisherman his share (hlutr) by the duodecimal system; and everybody knows that a herd or share of one hundred and a half means 120 + 60 = 180. In old writers the popular way of counting is now and then used even in chronology and in computation, e. g. when Ari Frode (Íb. ch. 4) states that the year consists of three hundred and four days (meaning 364); the census of franklins given by the same writer (where the phrase is hundruð heil = whole or full hundreds) is doubtless reckoned by duodecimal, not decimal hundreds, Íb. ch. 10; and in the census of priests and churches taken by bishop Paul (about A. D. 1200) ‘tíræð’ is expressively added, lest duodecimal hundreds should be understood, Bs. i. 136. The Landn. (at end) contains a statement (from Ari?) that Iceland continued pagan for about a hundred years, i. e. from about 874–997 A. D. In the preface to Ólafs S., Snorri states that two duodecimal hundreds (tvau hundruð tólfræð) elapsed from the first colonisation of Iceland before historical writing began (i. e. from about A. D. 874–1115): levies of ships and troops are in the laws and Sagas counted by duodecimal hundreds, e. g. the body-guard of king Olave consisted of a hundred hirð-men, sixty house-carles and sixty guests, in all ‘two hundred’ men, i. e. 240, Mork. 126; the sons of earl Strút-Harald had a hundred men, of whom eighty were billetted out and forty returned, Fms. xi. 88, 89; hálft hundrað, a half hundred = sixty, Mork. l. c.
    2. a division of troops = 120; hundraðs-flokkr, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
    II. in indef. sense, hundreds, a host, countless number, see hund-, as also in the adverb, phrase, hundruðum, by hundreds (indefinitely), Fms. vi. 407, Þiðr. 275, 524: in mod. usage as adjective and indecl., except the pl. in -uð, thus hundruð ásauðum, Dipl. iv. 10.
    B. As value, a hundred, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal, and then simply value to that amount (as a pound sterling in English). All property, real as well as personal, is even at present in Icel. taxed by hundreds; thus an estate is a ‘twenty, sixty, hundred’ estate; a franklin gives his tithable property as amounting to so and so many hundreds. As for the absolute value of a hundred, a few statements are sufficient, thus e. g. a milch cow, or six ewes with lambs, counts for a hundred, and a hundrað and a kúgildi (cow’s value) are equal: the charge for the alimentation of a pauper for twelve months was in the law (Jb. 165) fixed to four hundred and a half for a male person, but three hundred and a half for a female; cp. also the phrase, það er ekki hundrað í hættunni, there is no hundred at stake, no great risk! In olden times a double standard was used,—the wool or wadmal standard, called hundrað talið = a hundred by tale, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells as stated above, and a silver standard, called hundrað vegit, a hundred by weight, or hundrað silfrs, a hundred in silver, amounting to two marks and a half = twenty ounces = sixty örtugar; but how the name hundred came to be applied to it is not certain, unless half an örtug was taken as the unit. It is probable that originally both standards were identical, which is denoted by the phrase, sex álna eyrir, six ells to an ounce, or a hundred and twenty ells equal to twenty ounces (i. e. wadmal and silver at par); but according as the silver coinage was debased, the phrases varied between nine, ten, eleven, twelve ells to an ounce (N. G. L. i. 80, 81, 387, 390, passim), which denote bad silver; whereas the phrase ‘three ells to an ounce’ (þriggja álna eyrir, Sturl. i. 163, passim, or a hundred in wadmal equal to half a hundred in silver) must refer either to a double ell or to silver twice as pure: the passage in Grág. i. 500 is somewhat obscure, as also Rd. 233: the words vegin, silfrs, or talin are often added, but in most cases no specification is given, and the context must shew which of the two standards is there meant; the wool standard is the usual one, but in cases of weregild the silver standard seems always to be understood; thus a single weregild (the fine for a man’s life) was one hundred, Njála passim.
    2. the phrases, hundrað frítt, a hundred paid in cattle, Finnb. 236; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark striped wadmal, Nj. 225; hundrað í búsgögnum ok í húsbúningi, Vm. 65; hundraðs-gripr, hestr, hross, kapall, hvíla, sæng, rekkja, psaltari, etc., a beast, a horse, a bed, etc., of a hundred’s value, Am. 2, 10, Vm. 25, 39, 60, 153, Jm. 3, 30; hundraðs-úmagi, a person whose maintenance costs a hundred, Vm. 156; hundraðs virði, a hundred’s value, 68. For references see the Sagas and laws passim, and for more information see Mr. Dasent’s Essay in Burnt Njal.
    C. A hundred, a political division which in olden times was common to all Teut. nations, but is most freq. in old Swedish laws, where several hundreds made a hérað or shire; cp. the A. S. and Engl. hundred, Du Cange hundredum; old Germ. hunderti, see Grimm’s Rechts Alterthümer; the centum pagi of Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. ch. 1, is probably the Roman writer’s misconception of the Teut. division of land into hundreds; this is also the case with Tacit. Germ. ch. 12: cp. the Swed. local names Fjaðrunda-land, Áttundaland, and Tíunda-land, qs. Fjaðr-hunda land, Átthunda land, Tíhunda land, i. e. a combination of four, eight, ten hundreds. The original meaning was probably a community of a hundred and twenty franklins or captains. This division is not found in Icel.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HUNDRAÐ

  • 10 Wort

    n; -(e)s, -e und Wörter
    1. Pl. meist Wörter; LING. word; (Ausdruck) term, expression; ein anderes Wort für... another word for...; ein neues Wort a new word, a neologism fachspr.; im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes oder in des Wortes wahrster Bedeutung in the true sense of the word
    2. Pl. -e; (Äußerung) word; man kann sein eigenes Wort nicht verstehen you can’t hear yourself speak; ein ernstes Wort mit jemandem sprechen have a serious word with s.o.; ein gutes Wort einlegen für jemanden put in a good word for s.o.; das große Wort haben oder führen do all the talking; (angeben) talk big umg.; du sprichst ein großes oder wahres Wort gelassen aus nach Goethe: it’s easy enough for you to say that; das letzte Wort in einer Sache: the last word on; das letzte Wort haben have the final say; rechthaberisch: have the last word; das letzte Wort ist noch nicht gesprochen we haven’t heard the last of it; das ist mein letztes Wort that’s final, that’s my last word; ein wahres Wort very true; das ist ein Wort! you’re on!; ein Wort gab das andere one thing led to another; mit dir habe ich noch ein Wort zu reden! I want a word with you; du hättest ja ein Wort sagen können! you might have mentioned it!; ich glaube ihm kein Wort I don’t believe a word he says; kein Wort herausbringen not say a word, be tongue-tied; kein Wort darüber! don’t breathe a word; kein Wort mehr! I don’t want to hear another word!; ein paar Worte mit jemandem wechseln have a few words with s.o.; viele Worte machen talk a lot; ohne viele Worte zu machen without further ado; er macht nicht viele Worte he doesn’t waste his words; ich will nicht viele Worte machen I’ll be brief; genug der Worte! enough said; mir fehlen die Worte words fail me, I don’t know what to say; hast du oder hat der Mensch Worte! umg. would you credit it, Am. can you believe it!; dein Wort in Gottes Ohr! umg. let’s hope so, I do hope so, amen to that; jemandem das Wort abschneiden / entziehen fig. cut s.o. short / cut s.o. off; das Wort ergreifen fig. (begin to) speak; das Wort führen fig. do the talking; jemandem das Wort erteilen call upon s.o. to speak; Sie haben das Wort fig. over to you; das Wort hat Herr X fig. it’s Mr X’s turn to speak, Mr X will now say a few words; bei einer Debatte auch: Mr X has the floor; jemandem / einer Sache das Wort reden fig. support s.o. / s.th., back s.o. / s.th. up
    3. mit Präp.: auf ein Wort! can I have a word with you?; nicht viel auf jemandes Worte geben not set great store by what s.o. says; aufs Wort gehorchen / glauben obey / believe implicitly; das glaub ich ihm aufs Wort I believe him implicitly; iro. I can well believe it; hör auf meine Worte mark my words; jemanden beim Wort nehmen take s.o. at his ( oder her) word; bei Einladung etc.: take s.o. up on s.th.; Wort für Wort word for word; in Worten bei Zahlenangaben: in letters; in Worte fassen formulate, express (in words); jemandem ins Wort fallen interrupt s.o., butt in on s.o. umg.; in Wort und Bild berichten report in words and pictures; vortragen: give an illustrated talk; eine Sprache in Wort und Schrift beherrschen have a good spoken and written knowledge ( oder command) of a language; mit anderen Worten in other words, put another way; mit einem Wort in a word; mit den Worten schließen:... say in conclusion (that)...; sag’s mit eigenen Worten tell it in your own words; sie erwähnte es mit keinem Wort she didn’t even give it a mention; nach Worten suchen search ( oder be at a loss) for words; ums Wort bitten fig. ask to speak; zu Wort kommen have one’s say; nicht zu Wort kommen not get a word in edgeways (bes. Am. edgewise); sich zu Wort melden fig. ask to speak; zu seinem Wort stehen stick by one’s word
    4. nur Sg.; (Ehrenwort) word (of hono[u]r); auf mein Wort! word of hono(u)r!; sein Wort geben give ( oder pledge) one’s word ( auf + Akk on); jemandes Wort darauf haben have s.o.’s word on it; Wort halten keep one’s word; bei jemandem im Wort stehen oder sein have made a promise to s.o.
    5. Pl. -e; (Ausspruch) saying; (Zitat) quotation; geflügeltes Wort well-known saying, familiar quotation; das Wort ( Gottes) RELI. the Word (of God); das Wort zum Sonntag TV etwa Word for Sunday, late-night religious broadcast on Saturday evening; am Anfang war das Wort BIBL. in the beginning was the Word; mitreden II, Mund, Tat, verlieren etc.
    * * *
    das Wort
    mot; vocable; word
    * * *
    Wọrt [vɔrt]
    nt -(e)s, -e or -er
    ['vœrtɐ]
    1) pl usu - er (= Vokabel) word

    ein Wort mit sechs Buchstaben — a word with six letters, a six-letter word

    See:
    wahr
    2) pl -e (= Äußerung) word

    mit anderen/wenigen Worten — in other/a few words

    keine Worte für etw finden — to find no words for sth; (sprachlos sein auch) to be speechless at sth

    kein Wort von etw wissen/verstehen — not to know/understand a thing about sth

    kein Wort miteinander/mit jdm sprechen or reden — not to say a word to each other/to sb

    die passenden/keine Worte für etw finden — to find the right/no words for sth

    seine Worte galten dir — he meant you, he was talking about you

    See:
    3) no pl

    (= Rede, Recht zu sprechen) das Wort nehmen — to speak; (bei Debatte auch) to take the floor

    ums Wort bitten, sich zu Wort melden — to ask to speak

    er hat das Wort — it's his turn to speak; (bei Debatte auch) he has the floor

    jdm das Wort erteilen or geben — to allow sb to speak; (bei Debatte auch) to allow sb to take the floor

    4) pl -e (= Ausspruch) saying; (= Zitat) quotation; (REL) Word

    ein Wort, das er immer im Munde führt — one of his favourite (Brit) or favorite (US) sayings

    ein Wort Goethes/aus der Bibel — a quotation from Goethe/the Bible

    das Wort zum Sonntag — short religious broadcast on Saturday night, ≈ late call (dated Brit

    5) pl -e (= Text, Sprache) words pl

    das geschriebene/gedruckte/gesprochene Wort —

    6) pl -e

    (= Befehl, Entschluss) das Wort des Vaters ist ausschlaggebend — the father's word is law

    7) no pl (= Versprechen) word

    (bei jdm) im Wort stehen or sein — to have given one's word (to sb), to have made a commitment (to sb)

    * * *
    das
    1) (the smallest unit of language (whether written, spoken or read).) word
    2) (a solemn promise: He gave her his word that it would never happen again.) word
    * * *
    <-[e]s, Wörter o -e>
    [vɔrt, pl ˈvœrtɐ, ˈvɔrtə]
    nt
    1.
    <pl Wörter>
    LING word
    ein anderes \Wort für... another word [or a synonym] for...
    ein \Wort buchstabieren/übersetzen to spell/translate a word
    ein kurzes/langes \Wort a short/long word
    im wahrsten Sinne des \Wortes in the true sense of the word
    Wörter verschlucken (fig) to swallow [or slur] one's words
    \Wort für \Wort word for word
    2.
    <pl Worte>
    meist pl (Äußerung) word usu pl
    ich habe nie ein böses \Wort von ihr gehört I've never heard a bad word from her
    er bat uns ohne ein \Wort des Grußes herein he motioned us to enter without a word of greeting
    hat man denn da noch \Worte? what can you say?, words fail me
    für so ein Verhalten finde ich keine \Worte mehr such behaviour leaves me speechless
    denk an meine \Worte! remember what I said!
    auf ein \Wort! (geh) a word!
    ein \Wort gab das andere one thing led to another
    darüber ist kein \Wort gefallen not a word was said about that
    hättest du doch ein \Wort gesagt if only you had said something
    davon hat man mir kein \Wort gesagt no one has said a word to me about it
    meine Erleichterung lässt sich in \Worten kaum schildern I can't possibly describe in words how relieved I am
    das letzte \Wort ist noch nicht gesprochen that's not the end of it, the final decision hasn't been made yet
    kein \Wort mehr! (fam) not another word!
    das ist ein \Wort! that's it!, that's the very thing!
    spar' dir deine \Worte! save your breath!
    das sind nichts als \Worte they're only [or nothing but] words
    1.000 Euro, in \Worten: eintausend 1,000 euros, in words: one thousand
    mit anderen \Worten in other words
    anerkennende \Worte words of appreciation
    in \Wort und Bild in words and pictures
    \Worte des Dankes words of thanks
    man kann sein eigenes \Wort nicht [mehr] verstehen one can't hear oneself speak
    mit einem \Wort in a word
    ein \Wort einwerfen to mention sth
    ein ernstes \Wort mit jdm reden to have a serious talk with sb
    etw mit keinem \Wort erwähnen to not say a [single] word about sth
    etw in \Worte fassen to put sth into words
    jdm fehlen die \Worte sb is speechless
    jd findet keine \Worte für etw akk sb can't find the right words to express sth
    freundliche/harte \Worte friendly/harsh words
    genug der \Worte! (geh) that's enough talk!
    jdm kein \Wort glauben to not believe a word sb says
    das sind große \Worte (fig) sb talks big fam
    [bei jdm] ein gutes \Wort für jdn einlegen to put in a good word for sb [with sb]
    kein \Wort herausbringen [o hervorbringen] to not get a word out, to be tongue-tied
    auf jds \Worte hören to listen to sb's advice
    etw mit knappen/umständlichen \Worten ausdrücken to express sth briefly/in a roundabout way
    erzählen Sie mit möglichst knappen \Worten, was vorgefallen ist tell me as briefly as you can what happened
    jdn mit leeren/schönen \Worten abspeisen to fob sb off with empty words/nicely
    immer das letzte \Wort haben wollen to always want to have the last word
    aufs \Wort parieren to jump to it
    kein \Wort miteinander reden to not say a word to each other
    jdm/etw das \Wort reden to put the case for sb/sth
    das \Wort an jdn richten to address sb
    nach \Worten ringen [o suchen] to struggle for words
    ohne ein \Wort zu sagen without saying a word
    in \Wort und Schrift (geh) spoken and written
    sie beherrscht Französisch in \Wort und Schrift she has command of both written and spoken French
    in \Wort und Tat in word and deed
    seinen \Worten Taten folgen lassen actions speak louder than words, to follow one's words with action
    verletzende \Worte offending words
    kein \Wort über jdn/etw verlieren to not say a word about sb/sth, to not mention sb/sth
    darüber brauchen wir kein \Wort zu verlieren we don't need to waste any words on it
    kein \Wort verstehen to not understand a word; (hören) to be unable to hear a word [that's being said]
    nicht viele \Worte machen (fig) to be a man of action [rather than words]
    seine \Worte sorgsam wählen to choose one's words carefully
    das ist ein wahres \Wort (geh) you can say that again
    du sprichst ein wahres \Wort gelassen aus how right you are
    daran ist kein wahres \Wort, davon ist kein \Wort wahr not a word of it is true, don't believe a word of it
    mit jdm ein paar \Worte wechseln to speak a few words with sb
    kein \Wort von etw dat wissen to not know anything about sth
    3. kein pl (Ehrenwort) word
    auf mein \Wort! I give you my word!
    sein \Wort brechen/halten to break/keep one's word
    jdm sein \Wort [auf etw akk] geben to give sb one's word [on sth]
    jdm [etw] aufs \Wort glauben to believe every word sb says [about sth]
    das glaube ich dir aufs \Wort I can well believe it
    jdn beim \Wort nehmen to take sb at his word, to take sb's word for it
    bei jdm im \Wort stehen [o sein] (geh) to have given one's word [to sb]
    ich bin bei ihm im \Wort I gave him my word
    4. kein pl (Rede[erlaubnis]) word
    gestatten Sie mir ein \Wort allow me to say a few words
    jdm das \Wort abschneiden/entziehen to cut sb short
    mit den \Worten... anfangen/schließen to start/close with the remark [or by saying]...
    ums \Wort bitten to ask to speak
    ein \Wort einwerfen (fig) to throw in a word
    das \Wort ergreifen to begin to speak; Diskussionsteilnehmer to take the floor
    jdm das \Wort erteilen [o geben] to allow sb to speak; Diskussionsleiter etc. to pass the floor to sb
    jdm ins \Wort fallen to interrupt sb
    das \Wort führen to be the spokesperson
    das \Wort haben to have one's turn to speak
    als Nächstes haben Sie das \Wort it's your turn to speak next
    [nicht] zu \Wort kommen to [not] get a chance to speak
    sich akk zu \Wort melden to ask to speak
    ein \Wort mitzureden haben to have sth to say about sth
    das \Wort an jdn richten (geh) to address sb
    jdm das \Wort verbieten to forbid sb to speak
    5.
    <pl Worte>
    (Befehl, Entschluss) word
    das \Wort des Vaters ist ausschlaggebend the father's word is law
    jds \Wort ist Gesetz sb's word is law, what sb says goes
    jdm aufs \Wort gehorchen to obey sb's every word
    das \Wort des Königs the king's command
    6.
    <pl Worte>
    ein \Wort Goethes a quotation from Goethe
    ein viel zitiertes \Wort ist... it is frequently said that..
    7. kein pl REL word
    am Anfang war das \Wort in the beginning was the word
    nach dem \Wort des Evangeliums according to the Gospel
    das \Wort Gottes the Word of God
    8.
    geflügeltes \Wort quotation
    dein/sein/ihr \Wort in Gottes Ohr! (fam) let's hope so! fam
    jdm das \Wort aus dem Mund nehmen to take the very words out of sb's mouth, that's just what sb was going to say
    jdm das \Wort [o die \Worte] im Munde umdrehen to twist sb's words
    * * *
    das; Wort[e]s,Wörter od
    Ex:
    /Ex:
    1) Plural Wörter, (auch:)

    Worteword

    2) Plural Worte (Äußerung) word

    ich verstehe kein Wort — I don't understand a word [of it]

    jemanden [nicht] zu Wort kommen lassen — [not] let somebody get a word in

    etwas mit keinem Wort erwähnen — not say a word about something; not mention something at all

    hast du [da noch] Worte? — what do you say to that?

    das ist das letzte/mein letztes Wort — that's the/my last word on the matter

    [immer] das letzte Wort haben wollen/müssen — want to have/have to have the last word

    Dr. Meyer hat das Wort — it's Dr Meyer's turn to speak

    das Wort ergreifen od. nehmen — start to speak

    jemandem das Wort geben od. erteilen/entziehen — call upon somebody to speak/to finish speaking

    für jemanden ein [gutes] Wort einlegen — put in a [good] word for somebody

    kein weiteres Wort über etwas (Akk.) verlieren — not say another word about something

    3) Plural Worte (Spruch) saying; (Zitat) quotation
    4) Plural Worte (geh.): (Text) words pl.

    [sein] Wort halten — keep one's word

    jemandem sein Wort [auf etwas (Akk.)] geben — give somebody one's word [on something]

    jemanden beim Wort nehmen — take somebody at his/her word

    * * *
    Wort n; -(e)s, -e und Wörter
    1. pl meist Wörter; LING word; (Ausdruck) term, expression;
    ein anderes Wort für … another word for …;
    ein neues Wort a new word, a neologism fachspr;
    in des Wortes wahrster Bedeutung in the true sense of the word
    2. pl -e; (Äußerung) word;
    man kann sein eigenes Wort nicht verstehen you can’t hear yourself speak;
    ein ernstes Wort mit jemandem sprechen have a serious word with sb;
    ein gutes Wort einlegen für jemanden put in a good word for sb;
    führen do all the talking; (angeben) talk big umg;
    wahres Wort gelassen aus nach Goethe: it’s easy enough for you to say that;
    das letzte Wort in einer Sache: the last word on;
    das letzte Wort haben have the final say; rechthaberisch: have the last word;
    das letzte Wort ist noch nicht gesprochen we haven’t heard the last of it;
    das ist mein letztes Wort that’s final, that’s my last word;
    ein wahres Wort very true;
    das ist ein Wort! you’re on!;
    ein Wort gab das andere one thing led to another;
    mit dir habe ich noch ein Wort zu reden! I want a word with you;
    du hättest ja ein Wort sagen können! you might have mentioned it!;
    ich glaube ihm kein Wort I don’t believe a word he says;
    kein Wort herausbringen not say a word, be tongue-tied;
    kein Wort darüber! don’t breathe a word;
    kein Wort mehr! I don’t want to hear another word!;
    ein paar Worte mit jemandem wechseln have a few words with sb;
    viele Worte machen talk a lot;
    ohne viele Worte zu machen without further ado;
    er macht nicht viele Worte he doesn’t waste his words;
    genug der Worte! enough said;
    mir fehlen die Worte words fail me, I don’t know what to say;
    hat der Mensch Worte! umg would you credit it, US can you believe it!;
    dein Wort in Gottes Ohr! umg let’s hope so, I do hope so, amen to that;
    jemandem das Wort abschneiden/entziehen fig cut sb short/cut sb off;
    das Wort ergreifen fig (begin to) speak;
    das Wort führen fig do the talking;
    jemandem das Wort erteilen call upon sb to speak;
    Sie haben das Wort fig over to you;
    das Wort hat Herr X fig it’s Mr X’s turn to speak, Mr X will now say a few words; bei einer Debatte auch: Mr X has the floor;
    jemandem/einer Sache das Wort reden fig support sb/sth, back sb/sth up
    3. mit präp:
    auf ein Wort! can I have a word with you?;
    nicht viel auf jemandes Worte geben not set great store by what sb says;
    aufs Wort gehorchen/glauben obey/believe implicitly;
    das glaub ich ihm aufs Wort I believe him implicitly; iron I can well believe it;
    hör auf meine Worte mark my words;
    jemanden beim Wort nehmen take sb at his ( oder her) word; bei Einladung etc: take sb up on sth;
    Wort für Wort word for word;
    in Worte fassen formulate, express (in words);
    jemandem ins Wort fallen interrupt sb, butt in on sb umg;
    in Wort und Bild berichten report in words and pictures; vortragen: give an illustrated talk;
    eine Sprache in Wort und Schrift beherrschen have a good spoken and written knowledge ( oder command) of a language;
    mit anderen Worten in other words, put another way;
    mit einem Wort in a word;
    mit den Worten schließen: … say in conclusion (that) …;
    sag’s mit eigenen Worten tell it in your own words;
    sie erwähnte es mit keinem Wort she didn’t even give it a mention;
    nach Worten suchen search ( oder be at a loss) for words;
    ums Wort bitten fig ask to speak;
    zu Wort kommen have one’s say;
    nicht zu Wort kommen not get a word in edgeways (besonders US edgewise);
    sich zu Wort melden fig ask to speak;
    zu seinem Wort stehen stick by one’s word
    4. nur sg; (Ehrenwort) word (of hono[u]r);
    auf mein Wort! word of hono(u)r!;
    sein Wort geben give ( oder pledge) one’s word (
    auf +akk on);
    jemandes Wort darauf haben have sb’s word on it;
    Wort halten keep one’s word;
    sein have made a promise to sb
    5. pl -e; (Ausspruch) saying; (Zitat) quotation;
    geflügeltes Wort well-known saying, familiar quotation;
    das Wort (Gottes) REL the Word (of God);
    am Anfang war das Wort BIBEL in the beginning was the Word; mitreden B, Mund, Tat, verlieren etc
    * * *
    das; Wort[e]s,Wörter od
    Ex:
    /Ex:
    1) Plural Wörter, (auch:)

    Worteword

    2) Plural Worte (Äußerung) word

    ich verstehe kein Wort — I don't understand a word [of it]

    jemanden [nicht] zu Wort kommen lassen — [not] let somebody get a word in

    etwas mit keinem Wort erwähnen — not say a word about something; not mention something at all

    hast du [da noch] Worte? — what do you say to that?

    das ist das letzte/mein letztes Wort — that's the/my last word on the matter

    [immer] das letzte Wort haben wollen/müssen — want to have/have to have the last word

    Dr. Meyer hat das Wort — it's Dr Meyer's turn to speak

    das Wort ergreifen od. nehmen — start to speak

    jemandem das Wort geben od. erteilen/entziehen — call upon somebody to speak/to finish speaking

    für jemanden ein [gutes] Wort einlegen — put in a [good] word for somebody

    kein weiteres Wort über etwas (Akk.) verlieren — not say another word about something

    3) Plural Worte (Spruch) saying; (Zitat) quotation
    4) Plural Worte (geh.): (Text) words pl.

    [sein] Wort halten — keep one's word

    jemandem sein Wort [auf etwas (Akk.)] geben — give somebody one's word [on something]

    jemanden beim Wort nehmen — take somebody at his/her word

    * * *
    ¨-er n.
    word n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wort

  • 11 mann-eskja

    u, f. [Germ. mensch, m.; cp. Ulf. mannisks = ἀνθρώπινος; Dan. menneske; Swed. menneska; Scot. mensk]:— a man (Lat. homo); from the time of the Reformation this word is freq., but it is rare in old writers; indeed, hann tók manneskju hold, Hom. 160, is the only instance on record, for A. A. 196 is a compilation from a paper MS.; the word is, however, a good one, and is freq. in N. T., Vídal. passim: in mod. usage it often, in both speech and writing, takes the place of mann (maðr).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > mann-eskja

  • 12 SKÖMM

    * * *
    I) (gen. skammar, pl. skammir), f. shame;
    lifa við skömm, to live in shame;
    er þat skömm at sitja hjá, it is a shame to sit idly by;
    fœra skömm at e-m, gøra e-m skömm, to bring dishonour on one;
    bíða skömm, to suffer disgrace;
    veiða at skömm, to be put to shame.
    II) from skammr, short.
    * * *
    f., gen. skammar, pl. skammir; skamm, n. also occurs, but rarely, Fb. i. 411; mesta skamm, Bs. ii. 494 (a poem of the 16th century); but the fem. still prevails in speech and writing with a double m, as seen from Fms, vi. 386,—heyr þjóð-skáldit, kvattú svá, gröm skömm, ekki eru þær hendingar jafnhávar, hrömm skömm þat væri jafnhátt, en hitt er málleysa: [A. S. sceamu; Engl. shame; Germ. scham; Dan. skam; in these and other cognate languages the m is single, cp. Ulf. skaman in skaman sik]:—a grave bodily hurt, but rare in this sense.
    II. a shame, outrage; skammir eðr skapraunir, Fs. 63, Fb. i. 303; skamm (sic) né úvirðing, 411; vil ek eigi lifa við skömm, Anal. 131; er þat s. ef ek sit hjá, 123; mun þín s. lengi uppi, Nj. 116; þola skammir bótlaust, 186; reka skammar, 68; fá bana eðr aðrar skammir, N. G. L. i. 122; færa skammir at e-m, Eg. 210; verða at skömm, Gísl. 3; þola skömm á sér (of lewdness, see serða), Gþl. 192.
    2. a shame, disgrace, passim in mod. usage.
    COMPDS: skammarerindi, skammarvíg.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SKÖMM

  • 13 strax

    * * *
    adv. [from Germ. stracks], at once; the word first occurs in the 14th century, Fms. xi. 435, Fas. iii. 420, and is freq. in mod. usage, both in speech and writing, Vídal., Pass.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > strax

  • 14 hljóða

    (að), v. to sound (hverr stafr hljóðar með löngu hljóði eða skömmu).
    * * *
    að, [Germ. lauten; Dan. lyde], to sound; hversu hverr stafr hljóðar, Skálda 159, Mar., Bs. ii. passim; rödd hljóðar í hans eyra, Mar.: to run, of speech and writing, eptir því sem letrið hljóðar, Stj. 29; réttarbót er svá hljóðar, a writ which runs thus, Bs. i; whence the phrase, svo hljóðandi, to this effect, as follows.
    2. to scream with pain, of horror; þeir hljóðuðu og fórnuðu til mín höndunum, Od. x. 255; þeir hljóðuðu afskapliga, xxii. 308: also of a child, see hljóð above; farðu að hugga barnið, það er að hljóða.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > hljóða

  • 15 практика устной и письменной речи

    образ. oral speech and writing practice

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > практика устной и письменной речи

  • 16 sencillo

    adj.
    1 simple, uncomplicated, easy, with no frills.
    2 simple, simplehearted, naive, simpleminded.
    3 simple, unadorned, with no frills.
    4 single, simple.
    5 one-way, single-track, unidirectional.
    m.
    1 small change, change, small coins.
    2 one way ticket.
    * * *
    1 (sin adornos) simple, plain
    2 (fácil) simple, easy
    4 figurado (persona - natural) natural, unaffected, unpretentious; (- ingenua) naive, gullible
    * * *
    (f. - sencilla)
    adj.
    1) simple, easy
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [costumbre, estilo, ropa] simple
    2) [asunto, problema] simple, straightforward

    es un plato sencillo de hacer pero apetitoso — it's a simple but tasty dish, the dish is straightforward to make, but tasty

    3) (=no afectado) natural, unaffected

    es muy rico pero muy sencillo en el trato — he's very rich, but nevertheless very natural o unaffected

    4) [billete] single
    5) LAm (=necio) foolish
    2. SM
    1) (=disco) single
    2) LAm (=cambio) small change
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.
    Ex. In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.
    Ex. He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex. This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex. New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex. The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex. The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex. The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    ----
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.

    Ex: In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.

    Ex: He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex: This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex: New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex: The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex: The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex: The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹ejercicio/problema› simple, straightforward
    no era sencillo hacerlos entrar it wasn't easy o it was no simple task getting them in
    2 ‹persona› modest, unassuming; ‹vestido/estilo› simple, plain; ‹casa/comida› simple, modest
    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras they are simple, hardworking people
    el disco es sencillote y comercial the record is unsophisticated o crude and commercial
    B
    1 ‹flor› single
    2 (único) single
    una escopeta de cañón sencilla a single-barreled gun
    coser con hilo sencillo to sew with single thread
    3 (Esp, Méx) ‹billete› one-way ( AmE), single ( BrE)
    A (disco) single
    B ( AmL) (dinero suelto) change
    C (Esp, Méx) (billete de ida) one-way ticket ( AmE), single ( BrE), single ticket ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    sencillo 1
    ◊ - lla adjetivo

    1
    a)ejercicio/problema simple, straightforward;



    vestido/estilo simple, plain;
    casa/comida simple, modest
    2 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    sencillo 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( disco) single
    2 (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    sencillo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (una solución, un problema) simple, easy
    2 (un vestido, diseño) simple, plain
    3 (persona) natural, unassuming
    4 (habitación, billete) single
    II sustantivo masculino (billete, disco) single
    ' sencillo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    billete
    - elemental
    - fácil
    - manejo
    - sencilla
    - simple
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - tirada
    - tirado
    English:
    basic
    - down-home
    - easy
    - neat
    - plain
    - simple
    - single
    - single-space
    - straightforward
    - change
    - fool
    - low
    - painless
    - small
    - straight
    - unaffected
    - unassuming
    - unsophisticated
    * * *
    sencillo, -a
    adj
    1. [fácil] simple;
    no fue sencillo convencerla it was not easy to convince her
    2. [sin lujo] [decoración, vestido] simple
    3. [claro, natural] [lenguaje, estilo] simple
    4. [campechano] natural, unaffected;
    es muy sencillo en el trato he's very natural o unaffected
    5. [billete] Br single, US one-way
    6. [no múltiple] single;
    nm
    1. [disco] single
    2. Andes, CAm, Méx Fam [cambio] loose change
    * * *
    I adj simple;
    gente(s) sencilla(s) simple people
    II m
    1 L.Am.
    small change
    2 en béisbol base hit
    * * *
    sencillo, - lla adj
    1) : simple, easy
    2) : plain, unaffected
    3) : single
    1) : single (recording)
    2) : small change (coins)
    3) : one-way ticket
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > sencillo

  • 17 elegance

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] madahiro
    [Swahili Plural] madahiro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Swahili Example] elegance
    [Note] rare
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] madahiro
    [Swahili Plural] madahiro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] udibaji
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] ufasihi
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] ulimbwende
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] umaridadi
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] maridadi adj
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] utanashati
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Example] tabia yake ya utanashati [Muk]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance
    [Swahili Word] uzuri
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance (esp. in speaking and writing)
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Example] sauti yake ya kiume, nadhifu, ikiyafichua maandishi ya barua ile kwa ufasaha [Sul]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance (of clothing)
    [Swahili Word] ubeja
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance (of dress)
    [Swahili Word] umalidadi
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] elegance (us. in external appearance)
    [Swahili Word] umbuji
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > elegance

  • 18 ufasaha

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] elegance (esp. in speaking and writing)
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Example] sauti yake ya kiume, nadhifu, ikiyafichua maandishi ya barua ile kwa ufasaha [Sul]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] eloquence
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] fasaha adj
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] purity of style
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 14
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] clarity (of pronounciation)
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] facility
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] lucidity
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] ufasaha
    [English Word] good taste
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > ufasaha

  • 19 blasphemous

    ((of speech or writing about God, religion etc) irreverent and without respect.) gudsbespottende; blasfemisk
    * * *
    ((of speech or writing about God, religion etc) irreverent and without respect.) gudsbespottende; blasfemisk

    English-Danish dictionary > blasphemous

  • 20 policy

    •• policy, politics, politician

    •• Policy 1. plan of action, statement of aims and ideals, especially one made by a government, political party, business company, etc. 2. wise, sensible conduct; art of government.
    •• Politics the science or art of government; political views, affairs, questions, etc.
    •• Politician person taking part in politics or much interested in politics; (in a sense) person who follows politics as a career, regardless of principle (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Государственный секретарь Джордж Шульц любил поговорить о разнице между policy и politics. Я, говорил он, старался не втягиваться в politics, а все внимание сосредоточивал на policy, на policy-making. В этом высказывании сконцентрировано различие между этими двумя понятиями, которое часто упускают из виду. Politics – это политическая борьба (не всегда в отрицательном значении; когда из контекста ясно, что значение именно отрицательное, можно переводить политиканство), а policy – это политическая линия, политическая стратегия. Policy statement – не просто политическое, а программное, принципиальное заявление: When Clinton told a discussion group in Shanghai, “Everyone understands that there is a new China emerging in the world that is more prosperous, more open and more dynamic,”... he was not simply making an observation but something tantamount to policy statement. Стоит обратить внимание на словосочетание public policy, которое ближе всего к русскому политика в значении процесс решения главных вопросов жизни государства и общества. Пример из Washington Post: Mr. Kudlow appears to make his mark on public policy. Из Wall Street Journal: Mr. Doron is director of a public policy think tank located near Jerusalem. – Г-н Дорон является руководителем центра исследования политических проблем (или просто политики).
    •• Нередко по смыслу politics относится к внутриполитической сфере. Характерный пример: From Shylock to Scrooge and now to George Soros, it has always been only too easy to cast the man with the moneybags as the villain. And it’s happening again as the countries in Southeast Asia search for a scapegoat for the financial crises that have beset them in recent weeks. [...] All these wild charges, of course, may make good politics (International Herald Tribune). – ...Конечно, на всех этих скандальных обвинениях можно набрать политические очки (или очки во внутриполитической борьбе).
    •• Аналогичный пример: Many if not most citizens of Taiwan no longer believe in reunion with the mainland and are eager for international recognition in their own right. Taiwan’s politics cater to this popular view (Don Oberdorfer). Здесь возможен такой перевод – разумеется, чисто контекстуальный: Тайваньские политики отражают это широко распространенное мнение. Politics может иметь и сильный отрицательный оттенок. Словарь Safire’s Political Dictionary дает следующее определение выражения playing politics: placing partisan gain above the public interest, т.е. ставить узкопартийные интересы выше интересов общества.
    •• Не всегда легко поддается переводу словосочетание the politics of. Вот перевод подзаголовка статьи о политической ситуации на Украине: Политика президентских выборов. Совершенно непонятно, о чем тут речь. Из текста же ясно, что в этом разделе говорится о влиянии будущих президентских выборов на политическую ситуацию, политическую борьбу. Лучше было перевести Президентские выборы и политическая борьба.
    •• Выражение из другого смыслового ряда – office politics. Смысл его – то, что у нас принято называть служебными интригами, подсиживанием. Иногда оно близко по значению к turf (или territorial) battles – ведомственные, бюрократические игры, внутри- или межведомственная борьба (войны).
    •• Не всем известно, что значит слово politic (у него есть еще антоним impolitic). Словари дают значение (политически) выгодный, благоразумный, дальновидный, дипломатичный. В следующем примере из журнала Fortune, скорее всего – осторожный: When Reilly called Tom Florio and Tina Brown for comment, on the record both were politic but behind the scenes they were livid. (Здесь слово livid – синоним mad – вне себя от ярости.)
    •• Теперь обратим внимание на значение слова policy, не всегда отражаемое словарями и близкое к русскому твердое правило. Вот два примера из одного номера журнала «Ньюсуик»:
    •• 1. A new policy [of a television network] prohibits paying “criminals, convicts or miscreants.”
    •• 2. HIID [Harvard Institute for International Development] policy does not allow its employees to invest in the countries they counsel.
    •• Слово politician по-английски – нечто среднее между русскими политик и политикан. Контекст, как правило, позволяет без особого труда решить, какое из этих русских слов подходит лучше. Труднее правильно перевести русское политик. Почти всегда подходит policy-maker, иногда – political leader. Нейтральный, хотя и слишком сухой вариант – political figure. А как же перевести слово политикан? Иногда вполне подойдет politician или petty politician или just a politician. Ну, если нужен «колорит», можно попробовать politico или pol: Washington politicos can’t wait to start slugging (International Herald Tribune). – Вашингтонские политиканы рвутся в драку.
    •• Политические термины, словосочетания, поговорки широко распространены в речи американцев, особенно образованных и следящих за средствами информации, значительное место в которых занимает политика в ее разных ипостасях. Вот несколько словосочетаний со словом political:
    •• political animal«политическое животное», т.е. человек (как правило, политик) с сильно развитыми политическими инстинктами. Кстати, еще Аристотель в своем трактате «Политика» писал: «Человек по природе своей – животное политическое»;
    •• political capital см. также political mileageполитический капитал, выигрыш, «навар». Употребляется обычно с негативным оттенком;
    •• political correctness – понятие политической корректности в последние годы получило распространение и у нас. Поэтому объяснять его нет особой необходимости. Важнее знать, чего не следует говорить (или как не следует выражаться), чтобы не выйти за рамки политически приемлемого в данном обществе. Так, в Великобритании, во всяком случае до недавнего времени, было не принято негативно высказываться о королеве. В Соединенных Штатах давно уже нельзя говорить Negro (раньше говорили и писали black, а теперь не очень корректно и это, сами чернокожие американцы (и многие белые) предпочитают African-American). В качестве общего принципа политической корректности можно сказать так: нужно избегать любых слов и высказываний, которые могут задеть то или иное более или менее организованное меньшинство (за исключением явно экстремистских) – политическое, расовое, сексуальное. Бывшие граждане СССР обычно относятся к политкорректности резко отрицательно, что может быть отчасти реакцией на многолетнюю жизнь в условиях жесткой политической регламентированности. Лучше, однако, не читать по этому поводу нотаций американцам. У истоков Соединенных Штатов стояло религиозное меньшинство (пуритане с корабля «Мэйфлауэр»), и сейчас Америка нередко предстает как огромное «сообщество меньшинств»;
    •• political football объект политических игр. Уильям Сэфайр приводит пример из выступления бывшего президента США Гарри Трумена, обвинившего Дуайта Эйзенхауэра в том, что тот “used our foreign policy as a political football.” Еще одно интересное и малоизвестное значение слова football - «ядерный чемоданчик» – но не в значении миниатюрное ядерное устройство. Определение находим у Сэфайра – the small, thirty-pound metal suitcase containing codes that can launch a nuclear attack. It is carried by a military aide to the President and follows the chief executive wherever he goes;
    •• political mileage – то же самое, что political capital, но с меньшим негативным оттенком.
    •• Несколько выражений политического происхождения вошли в повседневный обиход и стали «повсеместно понятными» (generally understood). В некоторых случаях за ними закрепились и русские эквиваленты, не всегда, впрочем, самые удачные. Так, перевод рузвельтовского New Deal как Новый курс, на мой взгляд не идеален. Франклин Рузвельт в данном случае взял за основу Square Deal своего предшественника и родственника Теодора Рузвельта, который имел в виду не просто некий политический или экономический курс, а нечто большее, о чем свидетельствует следующая цитата: We demand that big business give people a square deal. Речь, как видим, идет скорее о «справедливой сделке», справедливом отношении большого бизнеса («олигархов», как у нас сказали бы сейчас) к большинству населения. Соответственно и Ф.Рузвельт, как явствует из его выступлений, имел в виду своего рода «новый общественный договор» между бизнесом и обществом. Разумеется, перевод Новый курс устоялся и изменению не подлежит, но не вредно знать, что стоит за рузвельтовским лозунгом (почти «новый строй»!). От Ф.Рузвельта остались и fireside chats (радио)беседы у камина – выступления президента по радио с доступным для каждого разъяснением важных вопросов политики и экономики. (Рузвельт использовал этот инструмент очень эффективно, а вот попытки использовать его в другое время и в другой стране выглядели, пожалуй, комично.) Также от Рузвельта остались и Four Freedomsfreedom of speech and expression, freedom to worship God, freedom from want (свобода от нужды) и freedom from fear ( свобода от страха, причем из знаменитой речи Рузвельта 6 января 1941 года ясно, что под этим он имел в виду далеко идущий процесс разоружения).
    •• Знаменитое высказывание Теодора Рузвельта Speak softly and always carry a big stick (говори тихо, но всегда имей с собой большую дубинку) известно у нас в основном в «антиимпериалистической» интерпретации («политика большой дубинки»).
    •• Несколько широко известных словесных шедевров принадлежит Гарри Трумену, например, знаменитое The buck stops here. Табличка с этим лозунгом стояла у него на письменном столе, и означала примерно следующее: «бюрократические игры кончаются здесь». Выражение to pass the buck, от которого происходит труменовский лозунг, означает спихивать на кого-либо решение (ответственность) в важном вопросе (у нас существует не очень распространенное, но яркое словечко спихотехника). Трумен ввел в обиход поговорку If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen, означающую, что политика – дело жестокое, но приходится терпеть. Если жарко – уходи, никто не держит.
    •• Джон Кеннеди – автор «экономического афоризма» A rising tide lifts all the boats. – Прилив поднимает все лодки, т.е. общий подъем экономики выгоден всем – и богатым, и бедным. Он же в своей инаугурационной речи сказал запомнившиеся американцам слова: Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. – Не спрашивай, что может сделать для тебя твоя страна, – лучше спроси, что ты можешь для нее сделать.
    •• Любой образованный англичанин или американец, услышав Power corrupts, продолжит: absolute power corrupts absolutely (хотя не все знают, что это высказывание принадлежит английскому историку лорду Эктону – Lord Acton, 1834–1902; кстати, у него Power tends to corrupt – по-моему, точнее). Власть развращает, а безграничная власть развращает безгранично.
    •• Еще несколько политических поговорок, вошедших в обиходную речь:
    •• You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. – Услуга за услугу;
    •• You can’t fight City Hall ≈ Плетью обуха не перешибешь;
    •• How you stand depends on where you sit ≈ Где сидишь (т.е. какую должность занимаешь), на том и стоишь (такова и твоя позиция).
    •• Интересное «политическое словосочетание» – вопрос Will it play in Peoria? означает Поймут ли нас в глубинке? Оно появилось во времена президента Никсона, и небольшой (хотя и не самый маленький) город Пеория в штате Иллинойс предстает здесь как символ провинциальности. Джимми Картер не оставил после себя ярких фразеологизмов, зато один из членов его кабинета, земляк президента из штата Джорджия Берт Лэнс прославился фразой: If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. – Что не сломалось, не чини.
    •• Список фразеологизмов и словосочетаний, политических по происхождению или основной сфере употребления, можно продолжать долго. Ограничусь несколькими, отобранными без особой системы:
    •• bully pulpit – Теодор Рузвельт считал, что президентский пост дает возможность его обладателю быть «отцом нации», нравственным лидером и вдохновителем ее побед. Bully pulpit – «трибуна президента», с которой он проповедует нации;
    •• gut issue«нутряной вопрос». Так говорят о проблеме, нередко надуманной, которая вызывает у избирателей чисто эмоциональную реакцию, «задевает душу», заставляет «голосовать сердцем» (у американцев, как видим, кишечником);
    •• heartbeat away from the presidencyможет быть, не сегодня-завтра президент. Эта фраза является своего рода напоминанием о том, что к выбору (и голосованию за) вице-президента надо подходить со всей ответственностью – случись что с президентом, и, казалось бы, малозначительный (что характерно для большинства администраций) человек становится национальным лидером;
    •• high road... low road – эта фраза стала популярной во время президентской кампании 1948 года, когда республиканский кандидат (и фаворит предвыборной гонки) Томас Дьюи заявил, что не будет отвечать на «удары ниже пояса», к которым прибегал Трумен (как ни странно, тогдашний президент считался underdog, т.е. аутсайдером). To take the high road можно перевести проявить разборчивость в средствах, не прибегать к неэтичным приемам. To take the low road – пойти на все ради победы, бить ниже пояса;
    •• hit listсписок подлежащих (политической) ликвидации. Хотя на Западе уже давно политических противников не ликвидируют физически, словосочетания с hit распространены очень широко ( hit job или hatchet job – заказной «компромат», (political) hitman – поставщик компромата и т.д.);
    •• press the flesh жать руку. «Контакт с народом» – как ни странно, любимое занятие политических деятелей, в чем мне приходилось не раз убеждаться (они действительно получают удовольствие от контакта с незнакомыми людьми);
    •• smoke-filled roomsпрокуренные комнаты. Символизирует келейный характер решений, принимаемых политическими боссами за закрытыми дверями;
    •• smoking gunнеопровержимая улика. Это выражение было в ходу во время уотергейтской эпопеи – у ее участников были разные мнения о том, есть ли такие улики против президента Никсона. На сегодняшний день об этом, пожалуй, можно сказать: This is a moot question. См. статью moot.
    •• * Английский язык – особенно его американский вариант – возможно, уникален в проведении резкой черты между politics и policy. Различия между ними довольно подробно, хотя и неполно, описаны в «Моем несистематическом словаре», но в данном случае речь не о них, а о том, что и сами американцы, видимо, чувствуют, что в реальной жизни это единый организм. Наверное, не случайно политический раздел в газете Wall Street Journal называется Policy and Politics. A вот цитата из New York Times:
    •• Good, artful writing, writing with voice and style, turns up in lots of places: in memoirs, in books about history and science, and sometimes even in books about politics and policy.
    •• Самый естественный – и абсолютно правильный – перевод здесь: ... и иногда даже в книгах о политике. (Потому что в русском понимании выработка политического курса, сам этот курс и политическая борьба отделяются друг от друга только по необходимости, а не «по умолчанию».)
    •• К этой же теме: интересная трансформация происходит со словосочетанием political strategist. Если раньше его значение было близко к тому, как мы понимаем его русский аналог политический стратег (есть, например, книга, Gandhi as a Political Strategist), то сейчас это выражение употребляется в США в сочетании с такими именами, как Karl Rove, Donna Brazile, James Carville, Dick Morris (это подтверждает и поиск в гугле), – это те, кого у нас принято называть политтехнологами. (См. также в статье технология, техногенный в русской части словаря.)

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > policy

См. также в других словарях:

  • Speech and language pathology — Speech language pathology is the study of disorders that affect a person s speech, language, cognition, voice, swallowing (dysphagia) and the rehabilitative or corrective treatment of physical and/or cognitive deficits/disorders resulting in… …   Wikipedia

  • Central School of Speech and Drama — The Central School of Speech and Drama was founded in 1906 by Elsie Fogerty to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. The school has been a constituent college of the University of London since 2005 …   Wikipedia

  • Freedom of speech and freedom of the press in Denmark — In Denmark the freedom of speech and freedom of the press are ensured by § 77 of the constitution [http://www.retsinfo.dk/ GETDOCI /ACCN/A19530016930 REGL] :: Anyone is entitled to in print, writing and speech to publish his or hers thoughts, yet …   Wikipedia

  • and — /and/; unstressed /euhnd, euhn/, or, esp. after a homorganic consonant, /n/, conj. 1. (used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses) along or together with; as well as; in addition to; besides; also; moreover: pens and… …   Universalium

  • and — (and; unstressedənd, ən, or, esp. after a homorganic consonant, n), conj. 1) fun (used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses) with; as well as; in addition to: pens and pencils[/ex] 2) fun added to; plus: 2 and 2 are… …   From formal English to slang

  • writing — /ruy ting/, n. 1. the act of a person or thing that writes. 2. written form: to commit one s thoughts to writing. 3. that which is written; characters or matter written with a pen or the like: His writing is illegible. 4. such characters or… …   Universalium

  • speech disorder — n. any conspicuous speech imperfection, or variation from accepted speech patterns, caused either by a physical defect in the speech organs or by a mental disorder, as aphasia, stuttering, etc. * * * ▪ medicine Introduction       any of the… …   Universalium

  • speech — /speech/, n. 1. the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one s thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gesture: Losing her speech made her feel isolated from humanity. 2. the act of speaking: He expresses… …   Universalium

  • Writing — is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols (known as a writing system). It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and the recording of language via a non… …   Wikipedia

  • And did those feet in ancient time — is a short poem by William Blake from the preface to his epic Milton a Poem, one of a collection of writings known as the Prophetic Books. The date on the title page of 1804 for Milton is probably when the plates were begun, but the poem was… …   Wikipedia

  • Speech synthesis — Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous people using speech synthesis to communicate Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»